Temperature responsive apparatus



Aug. 2, 1949. G. K. NEWELL TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 30, 1944 Pg. I

INVENTOR GEORGE KNEWELL BY 6211M ATTORNEY A 2, 1949. G. K. NEWELL 2,477,819

TEMPERATURE RESPONS IVE APPARATUS Filed March 30, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 F igii Z0 Z6 Z2 3 INVENTOR GEOR GE K. NEWELL A TTORNE Y 1949. G. K. NEWELL TEMPERATURE HESPONSIVE APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 50, 194-4 INVENTOR GEORGE KNEWELL BX fl-im ATTORNE" Aug. 2, 1949. e. K. NEWELL TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 50, 194-4 INl 'ENTUK GEORGE K, NEWELL.

Wan -z, 1 4s 4 2,477,819 TEMPERATURE BISPONSIVE APPARATUS GeorseLNeweLnearPlteairmh saignoi-to 'lheWestinghooaeAlrBrahe mm. WI]- merding, 2a., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application March It), "at. Serial Ho. $88.10?

- 10 Chills. (Cl. 115-294) Journal. One of the means for detecting a hot box previously proposed is a fusible element eflective to, initiate any desired sisnal or control operation. such as the venting of the brake pipe on the train to client application 01' the whcntheheatdevelopedintheaxle lournalis suiilcient to fuse the element. Other thermal or heat-responsive devices. such as a bi-metallic eleslnent, a gas-filled chamber in the term 01' a flexible bellows. or a thermo-eouple have also been proposed and in some instances employed tor this purpose.

My present invention comprises a novel means ior detectin: variations in heat conditions generallrnndutiliaotionoisuchnovelmesns for thepurpoeeofdnteotingn'mthoflonrailwaycars'and trains. The means which I have devised ior detect-ins. heat variations comprises,

essentially. two resistance elements. one of a relatively, low temperature ooeiilcicnt oi resistonce and the other 0! a relatively high temperaturecoemcient oi resistance. both elemenis being exposed to the some heat eondirtionin a given cone, and eIecti-oresponsive indicatina or control means arranged in electrical circuit relation with the resistance elements in such inon'ner that the electmreeponsive means responds to variation in thedii'i'erentiel or the resistances oi the two reeistenoe elements caused by a given heat variation.

It is an obiect of my invention. therefore. to provide a novel means of the character described for registering heat or temperature variations and utilized particularly for the purp of initiating a signal indication or a control operation in response to a hot Journal or hot box condition on railway cars and trains.

Another ohiect oi my invention is to provide ahotboxsianaloralarmsystemoi thecharacter indicated in the ioregoing object and lurther characterized by a reset device so located. ior example within the iournal casino itsel! as to require a positive step (that is. removal or open- 2 inaoitheiournaiendcoverorlid) tohetaken toward alieviatinothehot box conditionhiorder to terminate the operation or thesiznal.

Itisanotherobieotormyhrventiontopmvide annlarmsystemiorotrainoicarsinwhichan alarm signalorcontroloperationisiniflatedon acaronwhieha'hotboxoooursandonthe .loeomotive or power car without initiating a signal on those cars not having a hot hot condition, the said system requiring but a single tramwire extending trcmcartocarthroughout the train.

The above objects, aswell as other objects of my invention which will be made apparent herematter. are attained by apparatus subsequently to be described and illustrated in the accompanyins drawings wherein Pics. 1 and 2 are irasmental plan and end views. respectively. or a railwaycar axle iournal casing. partly in section. showing the manner in which the heat detector devices employed in ms invention are applied to the journal casing in a manher to register variations in temperature and heat within the journal,

Fig. 8 is a diarrammatio view showing, in simplified form, an embodiment oi the novel means which I have devised for registering heat and temperature variations,

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing an alarm system for a train of cars utilising the apparatus shown in Fig. 8,

Fig. 5 is a iragmental diagrammatic view showing a modification oi the apparatus disclosed in Fig. 3 and characterized by a reset switch oi the relay type located within the axle Journal. casing.

Fig. 6 is a iragmentai view showing a modification or the apparatus oi Fig. 5 and characterized by a reset switch device oi the tonic type-and Pic. '1 is an enlarged viewin perspective of an operating element 01' the reset switch device shown in Fla. 6.

ReierringtoFigs. 1 andihlhaveshownan axle iournal casing II for arailway car, inwhich an axle i2 is supported by means of roller bearings iidisposedbetweenanmnerraoellandan outer race IS. The end oi the Journal casing is closed by an and cover It secured to the iournal casing as by a plurality of screws or bolts ii.

For the purpose oi providing access to heat generated in the Journal casing I have provided a suitable bore it in the journal casing. the bore opening at the outer end or the journal casing at a point clear or the end cover it for the mirpose of receiving a heat detector device orcartridze It.

iournaloasing l|.and paria.prwentlytobedehigh temperature eoefllcient oi resistonce, a resistance element I! of substantially uniform or at least relatively low temperature coeiiicient or resistance 22. and a thermal-responelve switch device comprising a iii-metallic hell: it that is operatively responsive to variations oi heat within the bore It in a manner more fully explained hereinaiter.

'I'heresistanceeiementfl maybeoi'anysuitable material. such as iron wire which has a temperature coenicient or oi .005. As illustrated th element helical form on the outside of an insulating sleeve 24 that is removabiv attached to the inner surface of the screw plug 20, as by a threaded connection in the manner shown.

The bimetallic helix :3 is secured at one end to an insulating sleeve II that is slldably inserted in acentral bore "in the screw plug Ill and held in position by a setscrew 21. The opposite end of the helix 23 is provided with a switch contact 28 that is arranged to move in a circumferential the sleeve 24 as a result of torsional forces acting on the helix in response to variation 01' heat within the bore i8. Switch contact 28 is spaced from a stationary switch contact 28 fixed on the inner surface of the sleeve 2! at a normal temperature and is shlited into engagement therewith upon a predetermined rise in temperature from the normal temperature. By loosening the set screw 21 and turning the sleeve 25 in either direction. the amount oi movement of contact 28 required to engage the contact 28 may be correspondingly varied so as to increase or decrease the amount of temperature variation with respect to the normal temperature required to eii'ect engagement of the switch contacts As will be explained more fully hereinafter. the thermal-responsive switch device comprising switch contacts II and 28 is utilized for the puroi' indicating an abnormal 'I'he'resistance element 22 is shown in the form oi a rigid straight wire of suitable material. Such as a manganin or constantan which have a temperature coeiilcient oi resistance oi .00001. Element 22 is ooaxially sposed within thehelix or hot her condition.

' contact in on the insulating sleeve it.

The end of the esistance element 2i screw plug it {or ngas'ement'in' Ii iswound in.

Hot

coupling Cl is pretermaterial and is substantially cylindrical in form. Suitably attached to the interior 0! the body of the eiectrtcal coupling II are contacts II. I! and It to which the wires ll. 2 and I in the cable 44 are respectively conmeter: and attached.

The contact 6! is disposed at the center oi the coupling I! and engages the associated aligned contact it regardless of the rotary position of the sleeve 25 with respect to the body of the coupling N. The contacts ti'and 68 in the coupling device it are or arcuate nature so as ed adjusting range of the bi-metallic helix II.

That portion oi the resistance element II within the bore II is here of insulation in order to be tact 61 carried in insulated relation by the member 5| with a pair oi stationary spaced contook it.

The winding is efl'ectlve, when energized, to exert a pull -in the direction of the arrow the operating member ii in a spaced contacts 60.

associated therewith. On the dial ii are marked positions three esignated respectively Inoperative." "Normal." and "Hot." A plurality oi graduating markings are also provided on the dial between the two positions marked Normal and ll throughagroundccnueotionin thamanner shown'Thesecondbr-anchextendsirom the switch contact I! by way or II. re-

.sistanc'e element 2|. Ii and SI oi-the plpeiltothcusunlbrakepipeilonacarortrainandlsefl'ectivewh'enenergisedtoeflccta desired reduction in the pressure in the brake pipe to initiate a brake application on the train.

Operation Let it be supposed that the setting oi the bimetaillc hell: it is such that the switch contacts 28 and 2! in the heat detector device ll engage only after a normal operating temperature of the journal is reached It, therefore, a car has been out service or has been standing still for a relatively'long period 0! time, the switch contacts I. and 29 will be separated. In such case, the circuits icr energizing the windings I and 4: oi

the electroresponaive device Ill, which circuits will be hereinafter traced. are interrupted and the operating member 5| is accordingly biased to a position eiiecting engagement 0! the contact i! -with the'contacts ll. as shown. A circuit is thereby completed for energizing the signal lamp ll, this circuit extending from the positive terminal of a suitable source of enerfll'. such as l a storage battery II, by way 01 the wire 4! con-.

nected thereto, a branch wire it including a suitable switch device ll shown in closed position.

switch contacts BI and ii. a wire ll including a signal lamp 8! and thence to the negative terminal of the battery ll through a ground connection in the manner shown. Theswitch II is provided i'or Interrupting the circuit oi the signal lamp it when a car or train is out oi'servicc.

' thereby preventing constant consumption of electrical energy from the battery I i.

The signal lamp it serves also to indicatcthe inoperative condition oi a heat detector device It, thereby calling attention to the fact and enabling suitable repair or replacement thereof ata suitable time. This function of the signal lamp 63 will be particularly apparent later on by reason oi the fact that under normal operating conditions, the circuit of the signal lamp '3 should be open and the light extinguished so long as the heat detector devices it are operating properly.

Now let it be assumed that. due to travel of the car or train. the heat generated in the axle journal causes the temperature therein to rise to its normal operating temperature and that the switch I contacts it and II oi the heat detector devices I.

are correspondingly engased. In such case. a

circuit is established for energizing the windings l8 and of the electroresponsive device".

The circuit for energizing the windings ll and It extends from the positivetermlnal oi the battery II by way of the wire It, contacts 88 and it of the electrical coupling device I. bi-metaliio helix 2:, and switch contact II to the switch contact 29, whence the circuit divides into two parallel branches, one branch extending by way oi the bushing Ii, resistance element I2. contacts 62 and 52 oi the coupling device 45, wire l2, an adjustable resistor Ii. magnet winding II, and thence to the negative terminal of the battery Ii. wire ti. winding 4: and to the negative terminal of the battery lithrough a .gmundeonnectioninthemannershown.

The it and" arcthus energieedby a determined by'the respective resistancevaiuesof'theresistonceelements "and". The resistance values at resistance element: 2i and II are suehthat the current energizing the winding lshighe'r than the current energizing .tbe winding nndthowi'nding ll therefore-ex mal position. thereby indicating to the observer arts 'a' suiiicient diiterential force on the operating member II to move it instantaneously from its inoperative position to the Normal position. The resistor'iiisprovldedinordertoadlustthecurrent in the winding Cl with respect to the currentinthe winding "soastoinsure themovement 0! the operating member ii in an exact mannertotheNormalposition. Itwillbeapparcnt that suiiicient manufacturing dliierenccs oi the resistance element: II and I! in diflerent heat detector devices it may occur to prevent an exact movement or the operating member Ii to the normal position indicated on the valve ti onless a suitable means, such as the adjustable resistor II, is provided for insuring this.

A; long as thetemperature within the axle Journal remains substantially normal. the operating member Ill remains substantially in its Northnt the iournal is in a normal heat condition.

Let it'now be supposed that an abnormal heat condition occurs in the journal casing and that the temperature in the journal correspondingly [i868 t0 an abnormal 01 dangerous degree. A8

the temperature in the journal casing rises. the resistance oi the resistance element 22 remains substantially uniiorm due to the relatively low temperature coemcient or resistance thereoi. 0n the other hand. the resistance or the resistance element ll rises appreciably due to the relatively high temperature coeflicient of resistance. It

.willthusbeseenthatdnetothelmreadfldifierential in the resistance or the two resistance elements Ii and 22 with rising temperature. the current in the winding it reduces with respect to the current energizing the winding ll. Consequently the winding it exerts an unbalanced iorce displacing the operating member ii in a counterclockwise direction to a progressively greater degree out oi its Normal position toward its Hot position as the tem erature in the Journal casing rises above the normal temperature.

When the operating member ii reaches the Hot position on the dial 6|, indicating an .approach to a dangerous heat condition in the journal. the switch contact 59 engages the switch contacts to and establishes a circuit for energizing the alarm bell N. the signal lamp 8!, and the magnet valve 68.

This circuit extends from the positive terminal of the battery II by way of the wire It. a branch wire 11, switch contacts 88 and Bil, to a wire II, and thence in three parallel branches containing the alarm bell 64. signal lamp 6! and the magnet winding of the magnet valve 8. respectively. to the negative terminal of the battery through ground connections in the manner shown.

Energizaflon oi the winding of the magnet valve it causes a reduction of the pressure in the brake pipe I and a consequent application of 7 car or train. thus automatiriana'emlis Journal condition to take suitable ltcps to alleviate the condition beiore serious damage can occur.

the brakes on the and enabling him .suitnble devices may be actuated in place of the signal or brake controlllnsdevices shown.

As previously indicated, ii the signal lamp 6! renialns energized at a time when it should be ettindulshed by reason of the travel of the train nals, a train crew will be informed with certainty that the heat detector device is out of order and may then take steps to cause repair or replacement or this device.

a now that following the occurrence of an abnormal heat condition as just described. are taken to remedy the condition temperature in the Journal correspondingly decreases. it will be seen that the operating member II will-be automatically returned toward its Normal position and. upon the return oi the journal to its Normal temperature. will again be positioned in the Normal posilion indicated on the dial ii.

as the temperature of the Journal i'urther decreases due. for elcample. to a train standing still for a long period oi and 29 in the heat detector device II will he automatically separated and the circuit tor energislng' the windings II and I! will be thereby interrupted. Undeslred consumption of current or energy from the battery ll is thus prevented.

While I have explained above that the operating member ii is actuated to its Normal position the bearing or Journal attains a normal operating temperature. it will be apparent that the temperature at which the windings 48 and I! are rendered operative may be selected at any point between the Normal position and the Hot position on the dial-ll. Thus. if desired. the set screw Il may be loosened and the sleeve ll rotated so as to shiit the switch contact I! farther away from the contact II and then l e-tightened so as to provide a new setting or the switch contacts 28 and 89 such that engagement thereof will be effected at a point closely approaching the Hot condition. Greater conservation of current and enersy oi the battery ll will thus be ellected. However in such case there will be no indication oi the normal operating temperature of the journals.

Referring now to Fig. 4. there is indicated a hot journal alarm system for a train 01' cars. includlng a power car or locomotive and two trailer cars designated car A" and "car 13" respectively. employing the apparatus previously cr d- Bpeciflcally, there is shown for car A" four heat detector devices ila. llb. Ito. and lid. associated respectively with the four journals of a tourwhcel car truck. and tour corresponding electroresponslve devices 50a, use. no, and bid. in Fig. 4, the various devices are shown merely in diegrammatic term and corresponding parts in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are designated by the same reference numerals without further description.

While the heat detector devices and the elec troresponslve devices for the other truck on "car time the switch contacts 28.

ample lit ' the train similarly equipped 8 A are not shown in detail. the manner in which they are connected in the system is indicated.

It will be seen that the bl-lnetallic helix ll of each oi the heat detector devices is connected to a bus wire a. hereinafter died the positive battery wire. The resistance elements II and 21 or each heat detector device are connected to the windings t8 and I8. respectively. oi the corresponding electroresponsive device by wires lie and 42d, the adj ting resistors It being included in each or the wires to for the same purpose dezcrtdsin connection with the apparatus shown The switches of the 'elcctroresponsive devices Illa. etc. formed by the switch contacts to and llil are connected in parallel relation between the positive battery wire "a. and a bus wire Ila. to which the alarm bell ii. the signal lamp ii and the magnet winding oi the magnet valve II are connected. It will thus be seen that upon engagement or the contacts SI and ill of the switch devices oi any one oi the electroresponslve devices 0n the car. the alarm hell it. the slsnal lamp ill and the winding of the magnet valve it are energized in the same manner as previously described in connection wlth Fig. 3.

There is additionally provided. in Fig. 4, a single train wire 8 I. the sections or which on the several cars and on the locomotive are connected thro suitable connectors or couplings B2. The bus wire Ito is connected by a wire is including an asymmetric device 86 which may take the term oi a dry-disk or a tube type or rectifier. The asymmetric device It is so connected in the circuit as to permit the flow oi current from the bus wire Ito to the train wire 8i but to prevent reverse flow or current from the train wire II to the bus wire 78o. It will thus be apparent that the train wire II on "car A" will be energized, that is current will now therein in response to the closure of any oi the switch devices formed by contacts BI and 60 oi the electroresponsivc devices Illa, etc.. on "car A." but that, due to the asymmetric devices 80 provided thereon no energlrntion oi' the bus wire its. on "car B" or any other car in can occur. Thus the actuation or encrgizatlon or any or the signal devices. that is, alarm bell 64. signal lamp ti. and magnet valve 68 on car B and other cars will not occur in response to a hot box condition on car A.

In order to apprise the operator of the train. stationed on the power car or locomotive, of a hot box condition on any of the cars in a train. suitable signal devices, illustrated as a signal lamp each other. between grolmd connection.

It will thus be seen that whenever a hot box condition occurs on any of the cars in a train. a signal will be given on that car and on the locomotive or power car but on no other car.

The switch contacts 51 and 68 of each of the electroresponsivc devices 50a. etc. are efl'ective upon engagement to sheet encrglzatlon of the corresponding signal lamp 83 as in the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. In order to enable the circuit for all of the signal lamps 63 on each car. such as "car A," to be extinguished when the car is out of service, one of the contacts it of each switch is connected to a bus wire lll local to the corresponding car. which bus wire I1 is connected to the positive battery wire 13a by a suitable switch 13:: corresponding to the switch 13 in Fig. 3. The switch lid is normally closed 11 12 the continued sounding of an alarm bell or the is established for energizin the electromagnet continuous illumination of a signal lamp. the H4 in the same manner that the magnet winding train crew will not deliberately or accidentally 95 of the reset switch 94 is energized. avoid taking steps to correct a hot box condition. Contacts I06 and III? of the reset switch 944.

Referring to Figs. 6 and 'l. I have illustrated a. are eirective when engaged to perform the same modified form or reset switch 94a oi the toggle function as the contact 98 or the reset switch type. 94 in Fig. 5, that is, to connect the interior ends The reset switch 940; comprises a suitable casof the binding posts 4310 and "up. It will be seen ing, preferably of insulated material, attached to that the interior end 01' the binding post 43;; is the interior surface of the end cover I60. Suitconnected by a wire ztoone oi the contacts I 01'.

a toggle member I05 having a. contact I08 in When the two contacts I01 are bridged by the insulated relation thereon arranged to cooperate contact I08. 9. connection is thus established bewith a pair of stationary insulated contacts II" 5 tween the binding posts 43p and lilac.

suitably attached to the casing. Secured to one It will thus be apparent that with the contacts end of the tonic member I0! is a U-ohapecl I88 and Ill! or the reset switch 84a in engagesprlng member I having suitable grooves Hill in meat, a circuit is established for energizing the the opposite legs thereof. A iulcrum IIII formed sle'nal devices 64, 65, in the same manner as in 1111598131 with a 1 8 Of e i c e. 0 2 the embodiment shown In Fig. 5, as well as sigattached thereto, engages in the groove I 09 on rial devices located on the locomotive through the one leg or the spring member I08. An arm II I wire 8!.

the other leg or the spring member. The iulcrum tion of the signal devices on the car and on the Position. As will be seen in Fig. 6. the toggle of the reset switch 94a. member extends through a slot H3 in the casing Having now described my invention, what I or the switch device a and has knob formed on claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patthe end thereof for hand operation. m, 1

ma y th toggle member 15 in 8 raised 1. Heat responsive apparatus comprising two P o thereby disenga ing the contact I" resistance elements having diflerent temperature from th c ntacts I01. Engagement of the concoeflicients oi resistance, respectively, so that a tact I08 with the contact I0! is eirectod by means given variation i th temperature of a ve of an electromagnet or solenoid II-i. suitably zone t which t m t are exposed causes mounted and attached Within the ns 0! the correspondingly dlil'erent variations in resistance sw tch device 40. h pivoted arm I ll carries oi saldelements, a. pivoted member having two a magnetic element H5 whereby. upon energizato oppositely extending arms or magnetic ma erial tion of the e gnei; H4. a. magne c fo ce resilient means constantly biasing said pivoted a counterclockwise direction to effect engagement at with t m r [If the flentact contacts 0110B gjzin said first winding by current dependent the arm Iii is moved to the left side of its dead uponm mlstahce of one a! said lgmnts n center position, the switch contacts I06 and ill! for Bum-81mg s second winding by, maintained firmly in contact by the rent dependent upon the resistance of the other of spring member t miwlihsiwdlnfl the so of said elements, said windings and resistances member I30 the Bldg of said center a progressively Increase to 01 m member 111w time ture in said zone increases, whereby the said the eleotromagnet l5 enerzizcd. pivotgd element is prog-i-essj vely through the exterior ends or the binding posts in t e go out or said certain po'sltionthereoi.

insulator 9|, because the apparatus exterior to 2 Heat respgnswe apparatus wmpri i g two he Jo n 18 t e m s shown 111 8- The resistance elements. one of which has 1; low tom- 22 and the bi-metallic helix 28 to the interior of n has a relatively hig temperature ends or the binding postsin insulator 9| is efleoted a5 eificient or resistance whereby the resistance or by the same wires H. 42. and 3 as n 8- said other resistance element increases a greater The interior end or binding post lip is conamount than that oi said one resistance element nested by the wire 18b to one terminal of elecfor a, give rise in temperature t which said 1 terminal of the elecin-omasnet being connected 10 means one of which is energized in accordance through a ground connection shown. and the other oi which is energized in accordance.

It will thus be apparent that upon engagement with the resistance of the said other resistance of the contact 59 with the associated contacts element, means controlled by the cooperative cc- 60 of the electro-responsive device Bil, a, circuit 15 tion of said two electroresponsive means in a l3 7 a manner substantially reflecting variations of. the

temperature to which said resistance elements 8. Heat responsive apparatus ruistance eiemsnm, one oi which has a low. tem- .perature 'ooedicient of resistance .andthe other oi which has a'relatively high temperature-ooeifloient of resistance whereby the resistance of said-other resistance element increases a greater amount than that or said one-redstance element me: s are both exposed, twoeleot'ro-responsive meansoneoi whichisenergised inaccordnnce with the resistanceoi'the said one resistance element and the other ori whichis enertiled in 9-0- erative action oi said two eleetro-responsive means in a manner substantially reflecting variations oi the temperature to which saidresistance elements are exposed. and a lei-metallic thermalrespbnsiva switch device for eiiecting energisetion oi said two electro-responsive means only -whenthetcmperatm-etowhlchsaidresistsnoe' elements are exposed exceeds a certain degree;- a

,4. Beat responsive apparatus comprising two resistance elements. one oi whichhas a low tern perature coefllcient oi resistance and theother or which has a relatively bizh temperatm'e' coeiiicient oi resistance whereby the resistance oi said other resistance elementincreases a greater amount than that oi said one resistance element ior a given rise intemperatm'e to which said etements are both exposed, two elcctro -responsive with the resistance oithe said other element, means controlled by the cooperative action or said twoel'ectro rosponsive means in a temperature to whichsaidjresistance element: are and a bi-metallic-switch element intheiorm oiahelixtorsionally to variations in the temperature to which said resistance elements are exposed ior attesting en-, eraization oi said two electro responsivemeans only after said temperature exceeds d c e l a i 6. A thermal-responsive device comprising a supporting member. two resistance elements caremoient of resistance and the other having a r'elaitiveiy high temperature coeiiicient oi resistance in the r oi said two resistance elements occurshiresponsetoaprogressiveiyincreasing in a heat zone to which said resistonce elements are exposed. and switch means responsive'to a predetermined temperature in said some ior rendering said resistance elements operatively eiiective.

8. A thermal-responsive device comprising a ried by said supporting member, one of said resistance elements having a hiiih temperature coeiiicient oi resistance and being in the form of a helix; the other oi said resistance elements boins oi relatively low temperature ooeiiieient oi m m p.

resistance me in" themm cia straight wire oi substantial rigidit'ydisposed coasially within said one resistance elcigient',- and switch means, carried by said supporting member and operatiye spouse to a predetermined temperature-mime v to whichsaid resistmoeelcments are exposed tor is su porting tworesistance elemenisjoar-- ried by said member in one oi said resistance'eiements having 1- hightamperature coeiiicient oi resistance and being in the term oi helix. the other 01' said resistance elements having s relatively low tenmerature coemcient oi ior a givenrlse in temperature to which said eleresistance and bolus" of substantial rizidityand d sposed coasiallywith respecttoand within'said one resistance element, and aswitch inciudinga bi-metallic helix disposed-in concentric m relation to and within said one resistance element col-dance with the resistance at the said other. resistance element. means controlled by tbecoop g5 mentsareesposediorrendoringsaidraistanoo 1 elements iimctisnally eiiective. r

8. A thermal-responsive device comprising supporting member. two elements car- ,i ried by said supporting member. one oi said resistanoe elements having a high temperature coemeientoiresistance andthe'otheroisaid resistance elements having a relatively low temperature coeiiicient oi-resistancepthermal-responsiv'e switch means carried by said supportand means for rendering said thermal-responsive switch means selectively eiiective to render the saidresistance elements inaction ally eiiective at anyone oi a plurality of diiierent temperatures ocourringin the waste which said 4o elements are 9. Apparatus ior-sienalins the best condition ot a journal, saidsianaling apparatus comprising two resistance elements ex'poeedto tho heat in the iournaiand having diiierent temperature eoeflioien'ts oi resistancerespectively'so that a manner substantially reflecting variations oi the mocressivslr increasing-diamonds; in. sistance oi the twoeiements ocou'rs'in said movable member out oi the inoperative position, in oppositionto theiorce oi the biasing .mesnatoanyoneoiapiuralityoidiiierentpo as sitions depending upon the degreeoi the diner.-

entisi' in the resistance oi the two elements. and

- thermal-responsive meanssubjeet to heat conditionsin-thejournai and elective when the journal attains a normal operatingte'mperature 00 for rendering the eleotro-responsive-means operwhereby a progressively, increasing 10. Temperature responsive apparatus com- 1 prising a control device having a movable control element and electro-responsive means cites tive upon variationsin the energisation thereoi to eiiect corresponding movement oi said ele ment, temperature-responsive resistance means Y gupporting member. w r sistanc elemen s oarsubject to the temper-shire in a given cone for controlling-the energization oi said electro-responstve means in accordance with the variations in the resistance thereoi resulting from variations of the tempershiro in said sons. and switch means eflective only upon the attainment or a 15 certain unitorm normal temperature in aald none for eflecting enerzlzatlon of said eleetro-responslve means and at the same tlme rendering said resistance means efleetlve to control the energizetlon or said eiectro-responsive means.

. GEORGE K. W

anmanees 0mm The following references are of record lathe file of this patent:

Number Re. 15,436 479,928 540,008 1,052,528 1,252,502 1,400,410

Whipple et al. May 28, 1895 sundh Feb. 11, 1913 Shreeve -'-a.- Jan. 8, 101B Bossu Dec. 13, 1921 Mumlord Aug. 2, 1892 15 Number Number Name Date Sullivan Apr. 4, 1922 Brown Feb. 25, 1930 Thomas May 23, 1933 Fans July 25, 1933 Ruben Apr. 17, 1934 Hopkins et a1. Nov. 10, I998 Stein Nov. 9, 1937 Obermaler Feb. 1, 1038 Crago Mar. 29, 1938 Zlegler July 4, 1939 Bridges Apr. 1, 1041 Hall Jan. 6, 1942 Leslie Nov. 13, 1945 FOREIGN PA'IE'N'IS Country Date Germany Sept. 8, 1924 Great Britain Sept. 16, 1941 

